Proton tomography with generalized parton distributions at current and future facilities

Understanding the mass, spin, and mechanical properties encoded in the multidimensional structure of the nucleon has long been a central goal of nuclear physics, and a key motivation for experimental programs at Jefferson Lab and the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at BNL. Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and gravitational form factors (GFFs) have therefore attracted growing attention in recent years. In this talk, I will present recent progress in studying GPDs and GFFs through exclusive production processes and complementary constraints. In particular, I will report a state-of-the-art extraction of GPDs from global analyses that combine experimental and lattice QCD data, establishing a benchmark for GPD studies at the EIC. I will also discuss new developments in probing proton GFFs via exclusive heavy quarkonia production near the threshold.